Why Is A 60-Year-Old AI Argument Suddenly Everywhere?

By Gary S. Stager, PhD & Sylvia Libow (June 8, 2026) In 1965, Hubert Dreyfus, a philosophy professor at MIT, wrote a paper arguing that artificial intelligence was heading toward a dead end. He claimed the entire enterprise was built on a false assumption about how human minds work. Dreyfus asserted that computers, no matter

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Instructionism versus Constructionism

Among Dr. Seymour Papert’s vast contributions to knowledge, his framing of educational decision making through the lens of instructionism vs. constructionism may be the most profound, useful, and enduring. Any discussion, debate, controversy, or concern about education policy or decision about pedagogical approach is based on the personal stance of how you believe learning occurs.

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Seymour Papert Would Like a Word with Ron DeSantis 33 years ago

Perestroika and Epistemological Politics Keynote address at the World Conference on Computers in Education at Darling Harbor, Sydney, Australia July 1990 By Seymour Papert[*] MIT Media Laboratory 20 Ames Street, E15-313 Cambridge, MA 02139 During the week of the conference you have been immersed in exciting and focused discussions about actual uses of computers in real educational settings.

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